Cytokines are proteins that help the human body to control and support the work of the immune system. Over the past few decades, a growing number of studies have been exploring the role of specific cytokines, including IL-12, in inflammation and the development of...
Astrocytes or astroglia, the largest glial cell population in the central nervous system (CNS), perform numerous vital functions. Among other things, these glial cells (i.e., cells supporting functions of the nervous system) are involved in regulating the flow of...
Over the past decades, many neuroscientists have investigated how the mammalian brain modulates pain, trying to uncover the neural mechanisms underpinning chronic pain. Chronic pain is pain in specific parts of the body, that persists for long periods of time,...